India-China Relations

Swaran Singh

For Pakistan’s intention to operation its new Hangor-class submarines in the Bay of Bengal – home to India’s Eastern and Nicobar naval commands – is “strategically significant less for its immediate military effect than for its audacious geopolitical symbolism”, according to Swaran Singh.But the capability question cannot be separated from its strategic context. Singh points to timing: PNS Hangor’s arrival coincides with the deepening of a China-Pakistan naval partnership that now encompasses joint drills and co-production agreements, as well as China’s expanding Indian Ocean presence.The prospect of Pakistani submarines operating in those same waters, potentially networked with Chinese platforms, raised what Singh described as the spectre of “coordinated strategic pressure on both India’s eastern and western seaboards.”Singh said the “greater challenge” for India was not a Pakistani submarine itself, but the “gradual emergence of a China-enabled undersea ecosystem around India’s periphery” that could chip away at the maritime advantages Delhi has taken for granted since 1971.“What changes is not the balance of power but the balance of uncertainty,” Singh said.

Swaran Singh

quoted in Outlook magazine story: “China’s dominance is a structural reality. It remains the largest economy in BRICS, with the highest levels of exports, imports and financial capacity,” says Swaran Singh of the School of International Studies, Jwaharlal Nehru University. “Naturally, this gives Beijing a disproportionately strong influence, and that imbalance is unlikely to change in the near future given the scale of China’s economy,” adds Singh. “Unlike institutions like the IMF [International Monetary Fund], where major reforms are difficult without Washington’s approval, BRICS has demonstrated greater flexibility in introducing alternative financial mechanisms and reforms,” says Singh. “In many ways, BRICS represents an evolving alternative template in global economic governance,” he adds.

Swaran Singh

Swaran Singh

quoted in TRT World report on 1st anniversary of Op Sindoor. Singh described the current state as one of “institutionalised hostility” and warned that if the stalemate continues, long-term risks include “entrenched conflict normalisation, a Chinese-driven regional arms race, and progressive erosion of third-party leverages.”

Swaran Singh

Swaran Singh

Swaran Singh, a professor of international relations at JNU, said India's high growth rate is driven by a combination of structural, demographic, policy, and external factors. "India has a young and expanding workforce, with a median age of around 28 years — providing a sustained supply of labor and constantly rising domestic consumption levels," he said. "This demographic dividend supports long-term growth if matched with skills and jobs." Also, an expanding middle class spearheading domestic demand is a major locomotive of higher growth, he said. The professor added that structural reforms over the past decade have improved economic efficiency, and that services-led growth remains a comparative advantage.

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Swaran Singh et.al. (co-edited)

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China’s stand in the recent India-Pakistan tensions reinforces incremental pro-India tilt in Beijing

Swaran Singh et al. (co-edited)

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Swaran Singh (co-author/editor)

Swaran Singh et al. (co-edited)

Swaran Singh & Zhang Guihong (co-edited)

Swaran Singh et al. (co-edited)

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